1-Wudu'- Ablution
قال الله تعالى:
قال الله تعالى:
(يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ ءامَنُواْ إِذَا قُمْتُمْ إِلَى الصَّلاةِ فاغْسِلُواْ وُجُوهَكُمْ وَأَيْدِيَكُمْ إِلَى الْمَرَافِقِ وَامْسَحُواْ بِرُؤُوسِكُمْ وَأَرْجُلَكُمْ إِلَى الْكَعْبَينِ)
This verse from the Qur’an means: “0 you who believe, if you stand up for prayer, wash your face and arms up to [and including] the elbows and wet wipe [part of] your head and wash your feet up to [and including] the ankles.” (al-Ma’idah, 6)
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2-Tayammum - Dry Purification
In the absence of water or when unable to use water, one may instead of performing wudu or ghusl perform tayammum. This is stated in the Qur’an:
(فَلَمْ تَجِدُواْ مَاء فَتَيَمَّمُواْ صَعِيدًا طَيِّبًا فَامْسَحُواْ بِوُجُوهِكُمْ وَأَيْدِيكُم مِّنْهُ مَا يُرِيدُ اللهُ لِيَجْعَلَ عَلَيْكُم مِّنْ حَرَجٍ وَلَكِن يُرِيدُ لِيُطَهَّرَكُمْ وَلِيُتِمَّ نِعْمَتَهُ عَلَيْكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَشْكُرُونَ)
This verse means: “If you do not find water, then perform tayammum with the pure soil. Pass it onto your faces and arms”. (al-Ma’idah, 6).
The Prophet said:
<<جُعِلَتْ لنا الأرضُ كلٌُها مَسْجِداً وجُعِلَتْ تُربَتُها لنا طَهُوراً>> رواه مسلم
which means: “The earth is made a place for our prayers, and its soil is made for our purification” -Muslim.
One must make sure that the time of the prayer has set in before performing the tayammum. The tayammum is valid for one obligatory prayer only and for as many optional prayers as one wishes. However, one repeats the tayammum before each obligatory prayer.
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3-Prayers
Knowing the Prayers and their Times
You can pray only after being sure that the prayer time is in. Hence, you need to learn how to recognize when the prayer times come in and go out.
The Five Obligatory Prayers
Allah revealed: (حافظوا على الصلوات)
which means: “Perform the [five obligatory] prayers” - al-Baqarah, 238.
The Messenger of Allah
«خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ كَتَبَهُنَّ اللَّهُ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ، مَنْ أَتَى بِهِنَّ لَمْ يُضَيِّع مِنْهُنَّ شَيْئًا - اسْتِخْفَافًا بِحَقِّهِنَّ - كَانَ لَهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَهْدٌ أَنْ يُدْخِلَهُ الْجَنَّةَ، وَمَنْ لَمْ يَأْتِ بِهِنَّ فَلَيْسَ لَهُ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ عَهْدٌ، إنْ شَاءَ عَذَّبَهُ، وَإِنْ شَاءَ غَفَرَ لَهُ». رَوَاهُ أَحْمَدُ وَأَبُو دَاوُد وَالنَّسَائِيُّ.
which means: “There are five prayers that Allah obligated the slaves to perform. Whoever performs them properly without belittling their obligation, Allah promised to admit him into Paradise. Whoever leaves them out does not have a promise from Allah to have Paradise without torture before. If He willed, He tortures him, and if He willed, He forgives him”. Narrated by Ahmad in his Musnad.
-It is obligatory to perform each of these five prayers in its due time. It is better to perform each prayer early in its time.
A - Subh or Fajr (Dawn) Prayer - Two rak ^ahs
B -Dhuhr (Noon) Prayer - Four rak^ahs - cycles
Its time begins when the sun has declined westward from the middle of the sky (zenith). The time remains until the length of the shadow of an object becomes equal to that of the object per Se, in addition to the length of the shadow of that object when the sun was at its zenith. For example, if the length of your shadow when the sun is at its zenith is 5 feet and you are 6 feet high, then once your shadow becomes 11 feet long
the Dhuhr prayer time ends.
C - Asr (Mid-afternoon) Prayer - Four rak^ahs
As soon as the Dhuhr prayer time ends the ^Asr prayer time starts. Its time remains until sunset.
D - Maghrib (Sunset) Prayer - Three rak^ahs
After the entire disk of the sun has set, then the Maghrib prayer time begins. This prayer time lasts until the redness has disappeared in the western horizon.
-E - Isha' (Nightfall) Prayer - Four rak^ahs
As soon as the Maghrib prayer time is finished the ^isha' prayer time begins. You can be certain that this prayer time is in when you can see many small stars in the sky on a clear night. This prayer time lasts until the true dawn appears.
The true dawn begins when we see light spread at the horizon in the East. When the true dawn appears the Fajr prayer time has begun and this prayer time remains until the first glimpse of the disk of the sun appears on the Eastern horizon.
The Covering for the Prayer
The women must cover everything but their faces and hands with a material which conceals the color of their skin. The body must remain covered throughout the various movements of the prayer. So if, for example upon bending, the woman’s scarf hangs forward exposing her neck from an angle, this is not acceptable. Either the woman needs to be sure that her clothing is tucked in properly to prevent exposure, or she may put clothing over her normal clothing which does not allow exposure at angles. This clothing has an added benefit in that it conceals the shape of the body, for it is disliked for the shape of the woman’s body to be apparent while she is praying.
For the man, his area between his navel and his knees must be covered during the prayer. Like for the woman, the material with which he covers this area must not be see-through; that is, it must be opaque so as to conceal the color of the skin.
Click on the following link to review the video and audio Tayammum - How-to-pray- for-men
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Click on the following link to review the video and audio Tayammum - How-to-pray- for-women
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